Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vital coenzyme present in all living cells. It is essential for energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and cellular repair. NAD+ facilitates redox reactions that convert nutrients into ATP and serves as a substrate for enzymes involved in DNA repair, sirtuin activation, and cellular signaling.
NAD+ levels naturally decline with age and chronic illness, leading to decreased mitochondrial efficiency, slower cellular repair, and reduced resilience. Supplementation with NAD+ precursors or infusions aims to restore optimal cellular function, improve energy production, and enhance overall metabolic health.
NAD+ has shown the following potential in studies:
NAD augmentation as a disease-modifying strategy for neurodegeneration (Dölle & Tzoulis, 2025)
This review outlines the therapeutic potential of NAD⁺ augmentation across neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS. The authors highlight that increasing NAD⁺ levels may improve mitochondrial function, proteostasis, and neuroinflammation, though more research is needed to define optimal patient populations and dosing strategies.
NAD metabolism: Implications in aging and longevity (Yaku et al., 2018)
This review discusses the central role of NAD⁺ in cellular metabolism, DNA repair, and aging. It demonstrates that NAD⁺ levels decline with age and that restoring NAD⁺ through supplementation or genetic activation may improve metabolic health and extend lifespan across species.
Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions (Gindri et al., 2024)
A systematic review of 10 randomized trials concluded that NAD⁺ and NADH supplementation is well-tolerated and may improve fatigue, anxiety, metabolic parameters, and overall quality of life across diverse conditions including CFS, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s. Reported side effects were mild and transient.
NAD⁺ and cardiovascular disease (American Heart Association, 2022)
This review details how NAD⁺ deficiency contributes to cardiovascular pathophysiology including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Preclinical studies show NAD⁺ replenishment may enhance metabolic health, lowers blood pressure, and protects against cardiac remodeling, underscoring its therapeutic potential in heart disease prevention.
Note: Individual results may vary. This peptide is not FDA-approved for the treatment, cure, or prevention of any disease outside its approved indications and its use may be considered investigational and not for human or animal consumption. The information is based on published research and is educational in nature. It should not be interpreted as medical advice. Individuals should consult with a licensed healthcare provider to discuss any plans of care.
Abdellatif, M., Sedej, S., & Kroemer, G. (2022) ‘NAD⁺ metabolism and cardiovascular disease’, Circulation. Available at: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056589 (Accessed: 9 November 2025).
Dölle, C., & Tzoulis, C. (2025) ‘NAD augmentation as a disease-modifying strategy for neurodegeneration’, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043276025000700 (Accessed: 9 November 2025).
Gindri, I. M., Ferrari, G., Pinto, L. P. S., Bicca, J., Dos Santos, I. K., Dallacosta, D., & Roesler, C. R. M. (2024) ‘Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review’, American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism, 326(4), E417–E427. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37971292/ (Accessed: 9 November 2025).
Yaku, K., Okabe, K., & Nakagawa, T. (2018) ‘NAD metabolism: Implications in aging and longevity’, Ageing Research Reviews, 47, pp. 1–17. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1568163718300060 (Accessed: 9 November 2025).
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